Abstract Background 4.10 mmol/L; particularly relevant for preterm PE) and sodium 137 mmol/L were associated with increased risks of PE, SGA, and PTB, whereas potassium 3.70 mmol/L and sodium 141 mmol/L were associated with higher risks of perinatal death and PTB. These potassium-APO associations persisted into the third trimester, whereas sodium showed no consistent dose–response pattern during this period. Conclusion Although standard lower reference limits for potassium (3.5 mmol/L) and sodium (135 mmol/L) remain generally applicable during pregnancy, high-normal kalemia ( 4.10 mmol/L) and high-normal natremia ( 141 mmol/L) in mid-late pregnancy may increase APO risks. These findings highlight the need for closer, trimester-specific electrolyte monitoring to inform individualized clinical management and improve maternal-fetal outcomes.Graphical Abstract
Xu et al. (Sat,) studied this question.