Gust Load Alleviation Test via Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control and Camber Morphing

In this study, a data-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) control for gust alleviation wind-tunnel test is proposed and enables real-time parameter adaptation using only measured input/output data. A flexible wing with camber morphing trailing edges is developed, which integrates data-driven ADP controller design and systematic wind-tunnel test validation for control parameters. Wind-tunnel test results demonstrate remarkable load alleviation performance under designed conditions, achieving peak alleviation rates of 78.18% for fluctuation force and 81.75% for wing root bending moment response at Formula: see text, Formula: see text, Formula: see text, sinusoidal gust. Furthermore, theoretical analysis elucidates the underlying mechanisms of gust load alleviation, demonstrating that phase alignment of the fluctuation force and the morphing angle corresponds to the optimal load alleviation performance. And the criteria for positive alleviation rates are established. Notably, the patterns of control parameters demonstrate that the effective control parameters can be obtained by adjusting Formula: see text under different flow velocities, which is validated at elevated flow velocities. This study validates the potential of the data-driven ADP framework for real-time gust alleviation in morphing wing applications and establishes criteria for positive alleviation rates.