This paper presents an in-depth case study of The Drivers Cooperative (TDC), a driver-owned ride-hailing platform based in New York City, to examine the challenges faced by multistakeholder platform cooperatives. Drawing on 16 semi-structured interviews, six months of participant observation, and extensive desk research, the study traces how TDC’s growth efforts ultimately led to a fracture between its cooperative membership and its platform infrastructure. This dynamic – conceptualised as the Blown Head Gasket Effect – illustrates how diverging stakeholders can fracture during the development of democratic platform alternatives. Factors such as limited access to capital, political divergence among stakeholders, and temporal pressures are identified as key drivers of this effect. The paper concludes by discussing TDC’s legislative achievements and offering practical recommendations for cooperative practitioners and policy interventions. By situating TDC within broader debates on platform cooperativism and the digital solidarity economy, the study underscores the importance of learning from defeats to enhance cooperative business resilience.
Stefano Tortorici (Sun,) studied this question.