Abstract This study introduces a novel theoretical framework that redefines the concept of the vacuum as afundamental element with atomic number zero (Z = 0). In contrast to the classical notion of vacuumas an empty background, this model proposes that the vacuum possesses a physical structurecapable of electron exchange with atoms and material fields. Within this framework, the vacuumis not an inert stage but an active medium that continuously interacts with matter and fields throughquantum-level processes.The proposed model interprets mass as the result of localized condensation of vacuum energywithin a finite spatial domain, implying that matter represents a stable configuration of vacuumenergy in dynamic equilibrium with its surroundings. Consequently, the vacuum functions as auniversal electronic reservoir, enabling transient electron exchange between atoms and the vacuumfield.This interpretation offers a unified perspective linking several quantum phenomena such as theLamb shift and the Casimir effect to direct interactions with the structured vacuum, rather thantreating them as mere statistical fluctuations. Moreover, it provides a potential explanatoryframework for dark energy, suggesting that the large-scale energy density of the universe arisesfrom the same underlying vacuum-matter exchange mechanism.The concept of an atomic-number-zero element extends beyond quantum theory, establishing abridge between microscopic and cosmological scales. By framing the vacuum as a tangible andquantifiable entity, this model opens new avenues for reinterpreting the origins of mass, thestability of matter, and the fundamental nature of space itself.
Mohammad Reza Ba'azm (Wed,) studied this question.