The Effect of Education on Nutrition, Exercise, and Body Composition on Weight Reduction in the Czech Army

Abstract Introduction In 2023, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Czech Army was 56% out of 19% in men and 38% out of 5% in women according to the body mass index (BMI). This study monitors changes in body composition following a targeted intervention in the Czech military population with the aim of reducing body weight in overweight or obese individuals. Materials and Methods A prospective clinical study was conducted between 2023 and 2025 in six military units. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) and body composition analysis (body fat, muscle mass, visceral fat) were performed using the bioimpedance method. Subsequently, participants received a targeted education on the results of the analysis and dietary and exercise measures were recommended. Follow-up body composition examinations were performed at 6 and 12 months. Results In a sample of 200 individuals (139 men, 61 women), 56% of subjects had a normal body fat percentage (PBF), (men up to 20%, women up to 28% inclusive). There was no significant change in monitored parameters in individuals with a normal PBF, but individuals with an above-normal PBF experienced weight loss (−0.8 kg in men, −3.6 kg in women) without any reduction in muscle mass. A statistically significant decrease in PBF (0.8% in men, 2% in women) and visceral fat was found in the entire sample during the follow-up measurement after 6 months. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a structured, physician-led, individualized intervention effectively reduces body fat and visceral adiposity while preserving muscle mass and improving key health parameters in overweight and obese soldiers. The feasible model highlights the importance of personalized, education-based prevention and has potential for broader application beyond the military. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Identifier OYUOB20240006