Background: In young women with cervical cancer, fertility preservation remains challenging, as chemoradiotherapy can severely compromise ovarian reserve and endometrial function. Although ovarian transposition prior to pelvic radiotherapy is well established in early-stage disease, evidence regarding ovarian and endometrial outcomes in advanced stages, particularly in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC1, remains extremely limited. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman with a histopathologically confirmed FIGO IIIC1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma who underwent a lateral ovarian transposition followed by external beam radiotherapy (ERBT) of the pelvis and interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with five cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A detailed dosimetrical analysis demonstrated extremely low ovarian radiation exposure (mean dose < 2 Gy bilaterally). Menstruation resumed seven months after treatment completion, with regular 27–30-day cycles. A day-3 hormonal assessment showed a partial preservation of the ovarian reserve, and the pelvic ultrasound confirmed a thickness of 7 mm in the proliferative phase, implying endometrial function despite full-dose pelvic irradiation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is a very unique case of preserved menstruation after ovarian transposition and chemoradiotherapy for FIGO IIIC1 cervical carcinoma. This case challenges the conventional assumptions regarding ovarian failure and endometrial destruction in such cases, suggesting that reproductive potential may occasionally be retained. Although fertility remains a challenging point, this case report underscores the need for individualized counseling and prospective oncofertility research.
Ilia et al. (Sun,) studied this question.