Although international law is predominantly shaped by states, private international law, under which international maritime law typically falls, involves a broader range of actors, and this article is built upon that premise. It, accordingly, examines the evolution and varying im-pact of key international conventions addressing the commercial as-pects of maritime law, namely the Hague, Hague-Visby, Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules, with particular attention to the role and level of in-volvement of different actors during their preparatory stages, and how such involvement may have shaped their eventual reception.By analysing how various actors, including non-state ones, contributed to the formation of these conventions, this article investigates why the outdated Hague Rules remain widely applied, whereas more modern frameworks have seen limited adoption. It argues that the decreasing participation of private actors during the drafting and finalisation of international maritime conventions has undermined their effectiveness; thus, stronger sectoral involvement is vital to enhance their wider ac-ceptance and long-term success.
Alperen Furkan Taş (Sat,) studied this question.