p data-start=0 data-end=341strong data-start=0 data-end=17Introduction./strong Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and has been associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism, although evidence remains inconsistent. This study evaluated serum 25(OH)D levels and their crude associations with glycemic control and chronic diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)./p p data-start=343 data-end=1179strong data-start=343 data-end=355Methods./strong This retrospective study included 170 adults with T2DM treated between January 2023 and June 2024. Participants were categorized according to serum 25(OH)D concentration into a low vitamin D group (le;30 ng/mL) and a normal vitamin D group (ge;31 ng/mL). Collected data included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, treatment modalities, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG), HbA1c, and documented complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease). Normality was assessed using Qndash;Q plots and the Shapirondash;Wilk test. Group comparisons were performed using Studentrsquo;s t-test or non-parametric equivalents, and correlations were evaluated using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. No multivariable regression analyses were conducted./p p data-start=1181 data-end=1558strong data-start=1181 data-end=1193Results./strong Patients with lower 25(OH)D levels had significantly longer diabetes duration, higher BMI, and higher HbA1c, FPG, and PPG values. Weak negative correlations were observed between 25(OH)D and glycemic parameters (r = ndash;0.13 to ndash;0.25). The prevalence of chronic diabetic complications was significantly higher in the low vitamin D group. All findings were unadjusted./p p data-start=1560 data-end=1814 data-is-last-node= data-is-only-node=strong data-start=1560 data-end=1575Conclusion./strong Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with poorer glycemic parameters and a higher prevalence of chronic diabetic complications in T2DM. However, given significant group differences and the lack of adjustment, causality cannot be inferred./p
Risović et al. (Tue,) studied this question.