The development and growth of plants are influenced by a variety of factors, including phytohormones with their designated roles. Plant growth regulators are known to enhance the source-sink relationship and stimulate the translocation of photo-assimilates thereby helping in effective flower formation, fruit and seed development and ultimately enhance productivity of the crop. Growth regulators can improve the physiological efficiency including photosynthetic ability and can enhance the effective partitioning of accumulates from source to sink in the field crops. Gibberellic acid (GA) a well-known phytohormone, has numerous physiological effects on plants including seed germination, growth, stem elongation, leaf expansion, photosynthesis, flowering and cell expansion. In recent years, growth hormones have attracted much attention to enhance yield and its related traits of crops. The synthesis and regulation of gibberellins in plants involve complex biosynthetic pathways that integrate both endogenous and environmental signals. Additionally, GA play a role in stress response, helping plants adapt to challenging conditions like salinity and water scarcity. Research continues to explore the biotechnological applications of GA, including their use in floriculture, fruit production, and improving plant resilience under stress conditions, making them essential for sustainable agriculture. It can be concluded that the exogenous application of gibberellic acid improves the morphological characteristics, physiological and metabolic processes, in addition to increasing the yield and quality of plants grown under different environmental conditions.
Khoshnaz Payandeh (Wed,) studied this question.