What does this research mean for the field?

Smart sensor-enabled eco-friendly toys made from banana residue bio-composite materials provide an intelligent and sustainable platform for educational applications. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop smart toys made from eco-friendly materials with embedded electronics for educational use.

February 26, 2026Iconic Research and Engineering Journals0 citationsOpen Access

AI-Enabled Smart Electronic Integrated Eco-Friendly Toys

DRDr. T. Rajamanikandan KGK. Gokulnath TKT. Kishore

Key Points

The aim is to develop smart toys made from eco-friendly materials with embedded electronics for educational use.
Developed toys using banana fiber and sheath powder composites with bio-resins.
Integrated various sensors (touch, motion, light, temperature, sound) for interactivity.
Used a low-power ESP32 microcontroller for managing control and communication.
Implemented firmware in embedded C for sensor management and power efficiency.
Designed a modular PCB for scalable toy variants.
The toys provide interactive outputs like lights, sounds, and vibrations.
Utilized low-voltage operation for safety and efficiency.
The platform effectively combines sustainability with smart technology for play.

Abstract

This invention concerns the development of smart sensor-enabled eco-friendly toys fabricated from banana residue bio-composite materials. The toy enclosure is produced using banana fiber and sheath powder reinforced with bio-resins through compression molding, providing mechanical strength and electrical insulation. An embedded control system built on an ESP32-WROOM-32 low-power microcontroller manages real-time sensing, control and wireless communication. The system integrates capacitive touch (TTP223), PIR motion (HC-SR501), ambient light (LDR), temperature (DS18B20) and sound (KY-038) sensors. Interactive outputs include addressable RGB LEDs (WS2812B), piezo buzzers, vibration motors and audio playback through PAM8403 amplifier driven speakers. Power is supplied via a 3.7 V lithium-ion battery supported by TP4056 charging/protection circuitry and MT3608 DC–DC boost regulation. Firmware is developed in embedded C featuring interrupt routines, sensor fusion and deep-sleep power management. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi interfaces enable user configuration and monitoring. A modular PCB design supports scalable toy variants and ensures safe low voltage operation. This invention demonstrates a sustainable and intelligent embedded electronics platform for educational toy applications.

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