Adaptation to Climate Change at the Global, National, and Regional Scales

Climate change requires scientifically based methods and criteria to assess the need for proactive adaptation to the impacts of climate change and associated risks. Nature and the economy always respond and adapt to changing conditions, including climate change, but the speed and effectiveness of such reactive adaptation are insufficient. Therefore, planning adaptation measures and implementing proactive adaptation are becoming critical for sustainable economic development, improving people’s quality of life, and preserving ecosystems. This article examines the international legal framework for adaptation measures based on the Paris Agreement of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, global financing challenges, and priorities for future action. Adaptation progress is hampered by the generally low results of completed projects, necessitating the development of a system of indicators for evaluating project proposals. Furthermore, the projects themselves should be oriented towards a global climate change level of approximately 3°C (by the end of the 21st century, counting from the 19th century, while approximately 1.5°C has already been reached). Another important factor in the development of adaptation is scientific research, which should provide answers to a number of pressing questions, a list of which is provided in the conclusion of this article.