X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of reference compounds for studying rechargeable Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries

Key Points

• The aim is to create a unified reference library for analyzing Li, Na, and K-ion battery materials and their surface characteristics.
• Developed a reference library combining XPS and HAXPES techniques.
• Optimized sample preparation methods to ensure accurate measurements.
• Applied selective Os coating to suppress charging effects during analysis.
• Established reliable fingerprints for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and surface chemistry.
• Demonstrated improved accuracy in analyzing battery materials due to optimized techniques.