What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to assess if rosmarinic acid can reduce oxidative and inflammatory injury during testicular torsion and detorsion in rats.

February 28, 2026Sakarya Medical Journal0 citationsOpen Access

Rosmarinic Acid Mitigates Oxidative–Inflammatory Injury in Rat Testicular Torsion–Detorsion Model

MGMustafa Can GülerAtatürk University HBHüseyin BaylanSakarya University DGDerya GüzelSakarya University

Key Points

The aim is to assess if rosmarinic acid can reduce oxidative and inflammatory injury during testicular torsion and detorsion in rats.
Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups: sham, T/D, T/D + RA 40 mg/kg, and T/D + RA 80 mg/kg.
Testicular torsion was induced for 2 hours followed by 2 hours of reperfusion.
Rosmarinic acid was administered 30 minutes before detorsion.
Tissue samples were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
T/D significantly increased oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines compared to the sham group.
Rosmarinic acid treatment effectively reduced levels of MDA, MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
High dose rosmarinic acid showed superior effects on antioxidant parameters compared to low dose.
Both doses of rosmarinic acid improved oxidative and inflammatory markers similarly for TOS/OSI.

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to determine whether pre-detorsion rosmarinic acid (RA) mitigates oxidative and inflammatory damage in a rat torsion–detorsion (T/D)-induced I/R injury model.Methods: Thirty-two male rats were randomised (n=8/group) to sham, T/D, T/D + RA 40 mg/kg, or T/D + RA 80 mg/kg. T/D consisted of 2 h torsion followed by 2 h reperfusion. RA (i.p.) was administered 30 min before detorsion. Testis tissue was analysed for oxidative stress markers (MDA, MPO, OSI, TOS), antioxidant parameters (SOD, TAS), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β).Results: Compared with sham, T/D caused high MDA, MPO, TNF-α, TOS/OSI, IL-1β, and low SOD, TAS. RA significantly reversed these changes versus T/D, lowering oxidative and inflammatory markers and enhancing antioxidant defences. The high dose RA was equal or superior to low dose—with clearer gains for SOD, TAS, MPO, and cytokines—whereas TOS/OSI improvements were similar at both doses.Conclusion: RA attenuates oxidative and inflammatory injury in testicular T/D as a peri-detorsion adjunct.

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