PM 2.5 nitrate formation during winter haze episodes: insights from Seoul, South Korea

Key Points

• The research aims to uncover how particulate nitrate forms and accumulates during haze episodes in Seoul's winter.
• Conducted ground-based observations in Seoul during early winter 2021.
• Focused on analyzing particulate nitrate formation mechanisms during haze events.
• Utilized intensive data collection to assess accumulation patterns.
• Identified distinct mechanisms for particulate nitrate formation during winter haze.
• Observed significant accumulation of nitrate particles correlating with haze events.