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This research investigates the effects of chlorantraniliprole on the growth and antioxidant responses of Trichogramma japonicum across generations.

March 1, 2026Open Access

Sublethal insecticide-induced hormesis effects on developmental traits and antioxidant defense in the key biocontrol agent Trichogramma japonicum (Ashmead)

Key Points

This research investigates the effects of chlorantraniliprole on the growth and antioxidant responses of Trichogramma japonicum across generations.
Analyzed lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on T. japonicum
Assessed impacts on growth, reproduction, and oxidative stress across two generations
Exposed individuals to various concentrations (LC 5, LC 30, and LC 50) over five generations
Sublethal exposure increased oviposition duration, longevity, and fecundity in G 5 compared to G 1
Significant enhancements in population parameters observed at both LC 5 and LC 30 in G 5
Increased antioxidant activity (CAT and GPX) and improved nutritional profile at LC 30
Lower MDA content in adults exposed to sublethal concentrations compared to LC 50

Abstract

Abstract Background: The diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole is widely used in rice fields to control lepidopteran pests and is less toxic to non-target natural enemies. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum (Ashmead) is a key natural enemy deployed against these pests. However, sole reliance on T. japonicum is often insufficient for effective control and necessitates Integrated Pest Management tactics. Methods: Our study focused on the lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on T. japonicum , assessing its impact on growth, reproduction, oxidative stress, and physiological responses across two consecutive generations (G 1 and G 5 ). The T. japonicum adults were exposed to sublethal (LC 5 = 0.00001 mg a.i. L −1 , LC 30 = 0.023 mg a.i. L −1 ) and lethal (LC 50 = 0.972 mg a.i. L −1 ) concentrations of chlorantraniliprole over five generations (G 1 to G 5 ). Results: Exposure of T. japonicum adults to sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole resulted in a marked enhancement in oviposition duration, longevity, and fecundity in the G 5 generation relative to the G 1 generation. The population parameters also exhibited significant enhancement at both concentrations of chlorantraniliprole (LC 5 and LC 30 ) in G 5 compared with the G 1 generation. Antioxidant activity (CAT and GPX enzyme activity) and the nutritional profile in T. japonicum depict a significantly higher response to the LC 30 of chlorantraniliprole in both generations . Sublethal concentrations exhibited less MDA content in T. japonicum adults compared with the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ). Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis of hormesis. Therefore, Chlorantraniliprole-induced hormesis may favor parasitoid fitness in a consecutive generations, thereby potentially improving biological control. Also, sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole could be leveraged to optimize T. japonicum mass rearing and augmentative release within IPM programs.

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