Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) offers curative therapy for a wide variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders. Despite significant improvement in HSCT, complications remain extensive, multisystemic and cause morbidity and mortality. Approximately 14%–40% of pediatric HSCT recipients need pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and have a mortality of around 25%. The post-HSCT period is divided into three phases: preengraftment phase (Day 0–30), early postengraftment phase (Day 30–100), and late postengraftment phase (after Day 100) and with immune reconstitution, complications vary in each phase. Post-HSCT complications can be divided into infectious and non-infectious complications. In this review, we provide comprehensive, system-wise noninfectious complications, focusing on temporal distribution across the three phases of HSCT. Respiratory complications and endotheliopathies are associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. Renal dysfunction, neurologic toxicity, and cardiovascular disorders can happen during different phases of post-HSCT, further complicating the management of these patients. By integrating the temporal patterns with clinical manifestations, this review aims to support the pediatric intensivists in managing these complex groups of patients.
Sagar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.