Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) membranes play a crucial role in modern oral and maxillofacial surgery by providing a barrier to facilitate bone regeneration in challenging clinical scenarios. Synthetic GBR membranes, as alternatives to natural material-based membranes, offer significant advantages due to their biocompatibility, controlled biodegradation, mechanical stability, and ease of customization. These membranes are engineered to minimize inflammatory reactions, synchronize degradation with the bone healing process, and prevent soft tissue invasion into bone defects.Materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyglycolic acid (PGA) are commonly employed in their fabrication, with composite designs incorporating bioactive ceramics to enhance osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Advanced manufacturing techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing, allow for patient-specific designs, multilayered architectures, and integration of bioactive molecules.Clinical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery include alveolar ridge preservation, peri-implant bone defect management, repair of defects following cyst or tumor resection, and sinus augmentation procedures. Synthetic membranes have demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining bone volume, stabilizing graft materials, and promoting osteogenesis, thereby optimizing outcomes for dental implant therapy and other reconstructive procedures.This review explores the properties, material selection, and clinical applications of synthetic GBR membranes, emphasizing their role in advancing bone regeneration techniques. Additionally, future directions and innovations in membrane design, including biofunctionalization and multi-material approaches, are discussed to highlight the potential for improving clinical success in regenerative therapies.
Gedik et al. (Sat,) studied this question.