The revival of natural dyes has once again revolutionized the globe with its aesthetic charm and sustainable behavior. In this study using central design and MW treatment for a selection of dyeing conditions, the binary mixture from walnut and henna as an anthraquinone source of dye has been appraised for silk. Using an extract of 5 pH from binary powder (3 g + 3 g) at 70°C for 65 min having 3 g/100 mL of salt has given better yield (K/S = 6.20), which was enhanced after MW treatment up to 6 min (K/S = 6.66). Color fastness was formed by using Fe +2 (pre 3%, post 1%, meta 2.5%), Al +3 (pre 1.5%, post 3%, meta 1%), and Tannic Acid (pre 3%, post 1%, meta 3%) as inorganic mordants onto silk. In comparison, using bio sources, extracts of clove (pre 3%, post 1%, meta 3%), cinnamon (pre 2%, post 1.5%, meta 2.5%), myrobalan (pre 2%, post 2.5%, meta 1%) and red sumac (pre 3%, post 1%, meta 3%) has given colorfast shades also. The ISO standards for colorfastness to light washing and rubbing have shown good to excellent results that reveal the potential of MW treatment, eco-friendly mordanting process, and statistical tool addition for process optimization.
Bilal et al. (Thu,) studied this question.