Leveraging IoT for Environmental Surveillance and Smart Policy Design in India

India is also experiencing a severe environmental problem such as poor air quality in cities, drinking water contamination, unhealthy soil and increased future impacts of climate change. However, most of the existing methods of measuring or monitoring the environment are currently extremely obsolete. The IoT technology eliminates the need to have extensive and intermittent monitoring of the environment based on sensor networks. They offer a much wider and superior insight on what is happening to the environment and how to control it compared to previous manual monitoring systems. This research is aimed at finding out how to exploit IoT in achieving a higher or better degree of environmental governance in India by looking at both its technical and the kind of policy structures that are required to make effective use of this information. Cases of IoT usage to assist in enhancing air quality, as well as drinking water and groundwater, soil analysis, and early climate change warning, demonstrate that the IoT can offer more insight into the environmental condition of the state and enable taking the corresponding decisions earlier, which means that more flexibility is possible in a policymaking process. Regardless of this possibility, the main problems to the increased use of IoT will be the absence of a proper infrastructure, the problem of cybersecurity, awareness of data ownership and the modernisation of the data-management system by creating standardised models.