This study focuses on a detailed sensitivity analysis of the important design parameters of a low-speed, high-torque, direct-injection diesel engine. Thermodynamic models are employed in this study as they offer valuable insights into diesel engine behavior. Key parameters, such as injection timing, piston bowl geometry and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) are analyzed using the Diesel-RK model. The analysis categorizes critical influencing factors into engine construction, combustion, ecological and environmental parameters. The study finds that a 1.5 bar boost (293K–313K) increases power and torque by over 10% and enhances fuel efficiency by 2.86%, with emissions rising by less than 1%. At 293K and 313K, an optimal Start of Injection (SOI) between 15°–20° Before Top Dead Centre (BTDC) and a Duration of Injection (DOI) of 12°–18° increases power by 4.11% and torque by 4.59%, while improving fuel efficiency by 4.16% and 4.92%, respectively and reducing emissions by more than 50%. Additionally, B20 offers an optimal balance between performance and emissions, maintaining diesel-like combustion while significantly lowering NO x with minimal efficiency loss.
Rafique et al. (Sun,) studied this question.