Learning in the Society 5.0 era still tends to prioritize cognitive achievement, while the strengthening of students’ character and spirituality has not yet been optimally implemented in school practice. This situation creates a gap between the demand to develop character that is adaptive to digital challenges and the limited availability of systematic, practical instructional strategies for instilling spiritual and moral values. This study aimed to develop and validate the SPIRIT Model (Spiritual Personal Improvement and Reflective Integrated Teaching) as a character-strengthening strategy by integrating the concepts of Tazkiyatun Nafs and the Spiritual Growth Framework (SGF). The research employed a Research and Development (R however, further implementation trials are required to examine its effectiveness in producing comprehensive improvements in students’ character.
Asra et al. (Sat,) studied this question.