With the acceleration of population aging, cognitive dysfunction-related diseases have emerged as significant public health questions to the health of China's elderly population. There is an urgent clinical need to expedite the development of an evidence-based and accessible non-pharmacological intervention system for cognitive dysfunction. The consensus encompasses neuromodulation techniques transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), exercise interventions (aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined aerobic-resistance training, and integrated task-based interventions), cognitive training (conventional paper-and-pencil training, computer-assisted cognitive training, and tailored training), dietary interventions (Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension), psychosocial therapies (psychotherapy, music and movement therapy, calligraphy training, music therapy, animal-assisted therapy, doll therapy, and reminiscence therapy), and traditional Chinese medicine therapies (acupuncture, tuina massage, and Qigong) as non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunction. It aims to enhance the recognition and attention to non-pharmacological treatment of cognitive dysfunction in medical and management institutions at all levels, providing patients with more diverse and effective therapeutic options as well as standardized management.
Gong et al. (Sun,) studied this question.