Background The current ΛCDM standard cosmological model faces insurmountable fundamental challenges in explaining the physical nature of dark matter and dark energy, the small-scale "core-cusp crisis", and key observational phenomena such as Hubble tension. Although the ΛCDM model has achieved remarkable success on large scales, its core components—non-baryonic cold dark matter particles and the cosmological constant—have not yet been directly verified by any experiments involving non-gravitational interactions, and there exist systematic deviations on small scales. Core Problem How to self-consistently explain all observable gravitational phenomena from the galactic scale to the cosmological scale without introducing unknown particles and ad hoc free parameters, while being compatible with the well-confirmed predictions of general relativity and quantum mechanics, and providing clear, testable predictions that can be verified in next-generation experiments. My Method and Theory In this paper, the Cosmic State Four-Dimensional Attribute Theory (CSFAT) is systematically constructed. Taking the globally continuous and indivisible cosmic state as the physical substrate, the emergent dynamics from discrete temporal evolution to the effective description of continuous spacetime are systematically derived through the rigorous covariant mathematical formalization of four core axioms. The theory contains only one core free parameter (the refresh modulation constant αₘod), and all other cosmological parameters are derived quantities. In the weak-field and low-velocity limit, the theory automatically reduces to the linear approximation of general relativity; in the long-wavelength and slow-variation limit, its ensemble statistical structure is equivalent to the core postulates of quantum mechanics, and it naturally connects to the three gauge interactions of the standard model through the topological configuration of structural attributes. Main Conclusions and Significance High-precision joint Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting of the SPARC galaxy rotation curves, Planck 2018 CMB temperature power spectrum, and multiple sets of cosmological datasets is completed. The goodness of fit is statistically compatible with that of the ΛCDM model within the 1σ confidence interval, and the parameter constraint results are consistent with the observational constraints of the Planck 2018 baseline model within the 1σ confidence interval. The theory provides clear falsifiable predictions, including the primordial gravitational wave tensor-to-scalar ratio r < 0. 031, the spatial gradient of the fine-structure constant ∇αEM/αEM < 9. 2×10⁻¹⁶ m⁻¹, and the refresh modulation constant αₘod < 1. 68×10⁻⁸ m²/J. CSFAT provides a unified emergent explanation for the dark matter and dark energy problems without introducing new particles, and offers a self-consistent theoretical path to alleviate small-scale anomalies.
宜清 贺 (Sun,) studied this question.