AI technologies are rapidly being integrated into society, offering numerous benefits but also raising significant ethical and social concerns. While some AI systems aim to improve efficiency and decision-making, they can also cause harmful impacts on individuals and society. This study examines both the immediate and systemic negative effects of AI systems, as well as the underlying factors that might contribute to these issues. Using a multi-vocal literature review, we analyze 28 AI systems and their associated impacts, including discrimination, psychological and physical harm, and unfair treatment. We identify key factors that might have led AI systems to operate in that manner and explain why these impacts may occur. Additionally, we propose initial concrete actions to mitigate these negative effects and promote the development of AI systems that align with ethical and social sustainability principles. By shedding light on these issues, we aim to raise awareness among researchers and developers, encouraging the adoption of more responsible and inclusive as well as concrete AI guidelines. • Adapted systematic mapping study that analyses 28 AI systems and associated impacts. • Includes discrimination, psychological and physical harm, and unfair treatment. • We identify key factors that might have led AI systems to operate in that manner. • We offer an explanation of why these impacts may occur. • We propose initial concrete actions to mitigate these negative effects.
Ahmad et al. (Sat,) studied this question.