Shorter interval between consecutive testicular sperm aspirations and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective cohort study

In this retrospective cohort of men with OA undergoing ICSI, repeating TESA within 3 months did not compromise clinical pregnancy outcomes. Overall differences across interval definitions were small and inconsistent, supporting the practicality of proceeding to an ICSI cycle shortly after an outpatient TESA when clinically appropriate. Prospective studies are warranted.