A review of changes in irrigated agriculture is a vital matter for achieving sustainable land use management in developing countries. this research was conducted to evaluate the capability of Landsat satellite data for the identification, differentiation, and prediction of land changes in Qir-o-Karzin County. the images used in the research were three images from the years 2005, 2015, and 2025. The selected images were first atmospherically corrected using the FLAASH model. then, the 2005 study image was geometrically corrected using the image-to-image method to ensure all features had consistent coordinates. The RMSE error in this band was 0.19, which was obtained with a high degree of accuracy. The study area was conducted with desirable precision based on the combination of remote sensing and field validation. from 2005 to 2015, the area of irrigated agriculture decreased by 37,855.34 hectares, while the areas of residential, barren, and rainfed agriculture land uses increased by 21,162.51, 6,691.67, and 3,597.7 hectares, respectively. From 2015 to 2025, the area of irrigated agriculture decreased by 7,994.4 hectares, and the areas of residential, barren, and rainfed agriculture land uses increased by 34,100.93, 511.79, and 2,999.99 hectares, respectively. the accuracy assessment of the classified maps for 2005, 2015, and 2025 showed Kappa coefficients of 81.38, 85.69, and 92.27, which were acceptable. Using the Markov and CA-Markov models, a prediction map for the years 2045 and 2055 was prepared.
Gandomani et al. (Tue,) studied this question.