Frozen elephant trunk: evolving techniques, persistent challenges, and the endovascular shift

Key Points

• Endovascular approaches enhance frozen elephant trunk procedures, improving surgical outcomes and recovery.
• Analysis reveals significant technical advancements, with a focus on method reliability and safety measures.
• Observational analysis across multiple institutions highlights evolving techniques and persistent challenges in cardiovascular interventions.
• This research underscores the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation, given the complex nature of vascular surgeries.