Physicians’ perspectives on human papillomavirus vaccination in Türkiye through YouTube content analysis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health problem that is closely associated with various types of cancer, especially cervical cancer. Despite the proven effectiveness of HPV vaccines, misinformation and anti-vaccine rhetoric are widespread in the public, especially on social media platforms such as YouTube. In Türkiye, the HPV vaccine has not yet been included in the national immunization program, limiting its accessibility. The aim of this study is to analyze the opinions of physicians about the HPV vaccine in the most watched videos on YouTube in Türkiye and to reveal how expert opinions contribute to public awareness, correction of misinformation and guidance. The 26 most watched HPV vaccine videos on YouTube produced by physicians in Türkiye were analyzed using thematic analysis. Videos were selected through searches using specific keywords (and their Turkish equivalents) such as “HPV vaccine”, “Should HPV vaccine be given?“, “Side effects of HPV vaccine”, “Is HPV vaccine harmful?” and “Cervical cancer vaccine” between February 2025 and April 2025. Only videos shorter than 20 min with physicians as the primary speakers and at least 1000 views were included. The verbal content of the physicians’ opinions in the videos were transcribed, and the analyzed videos were categorized under five main themes and six subthemes. Physicians generally emphasized that the HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and necessary for both women and men. The types of vaccines, age of administration, side effects, and misconceptions among the public were discussed in detail. While there was a general consensus that the vaccine provides long-term protection, different views were expressed on whether it is effective for a lifetime. Physicians tried to correct misinformation in the videos and emphasize the importance of the vaccine in cancer prevention. Another important finding was that the fact that the vaccine was not included in the national vaccination program constituted a serious obstacle to access. Physicians play a critical role in delivering scientifically based health information to the public via social media. Expert content on digital platforms such as YouTube increases access to accurate information about the HPV vaccine and corrects misconceptions in the public. Findings indicate a pressing need for policy action to incorporate the HPV vaccine into the national immunization program and enhance expert visibility in combating misinformation on digital platforms.