This paper critically examines the profound impact of digital technologies, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence (AI), on the domains of international law, geopolitics and security in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The ongoing digital transformation has triggered transformative changes in the economic, social and security spheres, while at the same time posing complex challenges regarding sovereignty, state accountability and cyber law. As digital innovations permeate global interactions, issues related to the regulation and governance of AI are becoming increasingly prominent, requiring the development of comprehensive legal and ethical frameworks. In response to these emerging issues, the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) have undertaken efforts to establish normative guidelines for the responsible development and application of AI technologies. Specifically, the analysis examines key UN resolutions-A/RES/78/265 and A/RES/79/239-that emphasize the importance of ensuring the security of AI and advocate for the demilitarization of such technologies. These resolutions reflect a concerted international effort to mitigate the risks associated with the proliferation of AI and to promote its peaceful and ethical uses. Moreover, the paper explores the geopolitical competition among major powers, particularly the United States, as they seek to establish technological leadership while addressing security concerns related to AI. This competition impacts international legal norms and security strategies, highlighting the critical need for multilateral cooperation to address the challenges of managing AI in a rapidly evolving global environment.
Lović et al. (Wed,) studied this question.