CD4+CXCL13+ exhausted T cells drive immune microenvironment divergence in synchronous double primary lung adenocarcinoma with different degrees of invasiveness

Key Points

• Significant immune heterogeneity was identified between synchronous double primary lung adenocarcinoma lesions.
• The presence of CD4+ Tex CXCL13 cells drives tumor immune progression in varying degrees of invasiveness.
• Assessment revealed critical roles for exhausted T cells in shaping the immune microenvironment.
• Findings highlight the potential for targeted immunotherapy approaches in tailored treatment strategies.