Contextualizing AI in english language teaching: Examining the challenges and constraints in the indian educational landscape

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into English language teaching (ELT) has garnered significant attention due to its potential to revolutionize education. AI offers personalized learning experiences and adaptive assessments, enhancing the effectiveness of language instruction. AI-driven technologies offer promising applications in language teaching, ranging from intelligent tutoring systems to adaptive learning paths. The advent of generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, has further amplified the possibilities for enhancing language practice and engagement. Despite these advances, implementing AI in the Indian educational context presents unique challenges shaped by socio-cultural, linguistic, and pedagogical factors. This study examines the constraints posed by AI, highlighting concerns about the diminishing role of human interaction, the complexities of preserving cultural narratives and linguistic diversity, and the challenge of addressing diverse learner needs within a culturally rich yet resource-constrained environment. Therefore, while focusing on the Indian educational fabric, this study simultaneously addresses the challenges that are globally relevant. It also reflects the growing skepticism surrounding Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in various parts of the world, thus resulting in a global shift in ELT methodologies over CLT's effectiveness. By critically analyzing these issues, this paper provides insights for educators and policymakers on effectively integrating AI in ELT while fostering cultural sensitivity, inclusivity, and pedagogical relevance in the Indian context.