March 3, 2026Open Access

High-temperature continuous wave operation of oxide-confined VCSELs

Key Points

Narrow aperture devices exhibit a higher maximum continuous wave operating temperature than wider apertures, enhancing performance.
Internal cavity temperature at turn-off is also higher for narrow aperture VCSELs, leading to distinct modal properties.
The assessment covers the temperature dependence of modal properties from below threshold to turn-off for these lasers.
Understanding these characteristics may guide future designs of high-temperature laser systems, supporting broader applications.

Abstract

Abstract We present experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under continuous wave (CW) operation and the aperture size-dependent performance at heatsink temperatures >135 ∘ C. We extract the maximum CW operating temperature and internal cavity temperature at turn off and show these to be higher for narrow aperture devices. The modal properties are assessed from below threshold to turn-off and we show a tendency to low order mode lasing throughout the current sweep for narrow aperture devices, influenced by strong optical and electrical confinement.

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Cite This Study

Baker et al. (Tue,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a75b7fc6e9836116a22ea0 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ae3e12

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