Transformation of waste activated sludge into functional anammox inoculum for resource recovery: Trade-off between rate and stability in different sludge types

Key Points

• The study evaluates the balance between transformation rate and stability when generating anammox inoculum from waste activated sludge.
• Anammox inoculum produced from various sludge types shows differing levels of functional performance in resource recovery.
• The assessment involved diverse sludge types to determine the most effective for stabilizing the anammox process.
• Findings suggest that careful selection of sludge types is critical for optimizing both the rate and stability in functional transformation.