Source apportionment of PM2.5 and its chemical components in Hanoi, Vietnam: A comparison of PMF and CMAQ-ISAM approaches

Key Points

• Findings reveal significant contributions of different sources to PM2.5 levels in Hanoi, influencing air quality.
• Using PMF and CMAQ-ISAM, the study compares source impacts and identifies key contributors to particulate matter.
• Assessment employs advanced modeling techniques, analyzing chemical components from air samples over time.
• The findings highlight the necessity for targeted air quality management strategies in urban areas.