Unified nonlinear modelling of longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness for circular and non-circular shield tunnels

Key Points

• Longitudinal bending stiffness was effectively modeled, addressing both circular and non-circular tunnels.
• The analysis considered various geometric configurations, providing insights for applied engineering.
• Modeling was based on a unified nonlinear approach, enhancing precision in stiffness evaluations.
• Implications include improved tunnel design structures and potential reductions in construction costs.