Can STIC M-mode echocardiography identify the flying seagull sign and abnormal valve movements in fetuses?
Fetuses with cardiomegaly, ventricular disproportion, and thickened tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets, as well as normal fetuses
Spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) M-mode echocardiography
Normal fetal echocardiographic findings
Identification of the flying seagull sign and specific valve movement patternssurrogate
STIC M-mode echocardiography can visualize abnormal valve dynamics, such as the flying seagull sign, in fetuses with myxomatous valves.
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Supplemental Videoclip 1. Gray scale four-chamber view showing cardiomegaly, ventricular disproportion (RV >> LV) with thickened tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets. Supplemental Videoclip 2. The belly of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (arrow) significantly prolapsing into the left atrium resembling a flying seagull like appearance. Supplemental Videoclip 3. Gray scale four-chamber view showing hypertrophied, dilated, and dysfunctional right ventricle. Supplemental Videoclip 4. Normal fetus, STIC M-mode across the septal tricuspid valve leaflet showing shorter bulging of the valve during early-systole followed by rapid downward movement during late-systole. Supplemental Videoclip 5. STIC M-mode across the thickened septal tricuspid valve leaflet showing longer bulging of the valve during early-systole followed by prolonged downward movement during late-systole. Supplemental Videoclip 6. Normal fetus, STIC M-mode across the anterior mitral valve leaflet showing shorter bulging of the valve during early-systole followed by rapid downward movement during late-systole. Supplemental Videoclip 7. STIC M-mode across the thickened anterior mitral valve leaflet showing more prolonged bulging of the valve during early-systole (due to prolapse of the anterior mitral valve leaflet into left atrium) followed by longer downward movement of the valve during late-systole due to myxomatous valve. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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Balaganesh Karmegaraj
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
Tirunelveli Medical College
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Balaganesh Karmegaraj (Wed,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69a75c8bc6e9836116a25809 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.70184