Abstract This paper proposes a novel cosmological model, the "Material Contraction Universe Model, " which challenges the standard Lambda-CDM model. Using a "water surface analogy, " the model posits that rather than space expanding, all matter in the universe is contracting exponentially according to the function (t) =e^- t (where =H₀). Key highlights of this model include: No Dark Matter Required: Eliminates the need for cold dark matter (c=0) by introducing a "purge" mechanism where contracting matter releases dark energy. Cosmological Constant: Naturally generates the effective cosmological constant (₄₅₅=3H₀²) without fine-tuning. MOND Derivation: Provides a natural derivation of the MOND acceleration (a₀=cH₀). Horizon Problem: Resolves the horizon problem without the need for cosmic inflation through a static block universe interpretation. Consistency: Reproduces CMB acoustic peaks and fits the SN Ia Hubble diagram with high accuracy. This model provides a geometric and ontological foundation for gravity and inertial mass, offering a unified perspective on the evolution of the universe.
Yasuji Kawazoe (Sun,) studied this question.