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The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a reliable and valid instrument with a bifactorial structure for assessing depression in Peruvian adults with arterial hypertension. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

March 3, 2026Open Access

Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in Peruvian adults with arterial hypertension

Key Points

The PHQ-9 questionnaire shows good psychometric characteristics in adults diagnosed with arterial hypertension.
A sample of 2915 participants revealed a bifactorial structure indicating somatic and cognitive/affective dimensions.

Structured PICO

Population

2915 Peruvian adults diagnosed with arterial hypertension (AHT)

Outcome

Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

The PHQ-9 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing depression in Peruvian adults with arterial hypertension.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to Evaluate the psychometric properties of PHQ-9 in Peruvian adults with AHT. Data from Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2019 (ENDES-2019) were used. The sample included 2915 participants diagnosed with AHT, assessed using PHQ-9. The bifactorial structure with two factors (somatic, cognitive/affective) was identified as the most parsimonious. Sex invariance analysis confirmed consistency in both groups. The network analysis highlighted items 2 and 7 as central, even with multivariate control for age and sex. The study supports the use of PHQ-9 in Peruvian individuals with AHT, showing good psychometric characteristics. The findings confirm the reliability of the PHQ-9 questionnaire in the context of AHT in Peru.

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