Global Supply Chains in an Era of Geo-Economic Fragmentation

This paper analyzes the intensification of geo-economic fragmentation and its impact on the reconfiguration of international supply chains in a context marked by increasingly intense strategic competition among major powers. The United States, China, and the European Union are adjusting their trade, investment, and technology policies in order to strengthen economic security and strategic autonomy. These transformations lead to a redefinition of globalization, with significant effects on market integration, innovation, and sustainable development. The study examines the main drivers of geo-economic fragmentation, its consequences for international economic relations, and potential pathways toward a more resilient global system.