Sustainable route for cobalt and lithium recovery from discarded lithium-ion batteries: A closed-loop approach using Progaline deep eutectic solvent

Key Points

• Cobalt and lithium recovery shows high efficiency in the closed-loop approach.
• The process uses Progaline deep eutectic solvent, which is eco-friendly and effective for extraction.
• Analysis highlighted the sustainability of recycling lithium-ion batteries, with potential environmental benefits.
• Further optimization may enhance recovery rates and broaden applicability in battery recycling.