Over the past ten years, chitosan has attracted substantial scientific and industrial interest due to its natural abundance, biodegradability, and versatile functional properties. These attributes have enabled its rapid advancement across multiple sectors, including wastewater treatment, biomedical engineering, and sensor technology. Chitosan, a polysaccharide and polyelectrolyte polymer rich in amine and hydroxyl groups, offers vast potential for chemical modification. AI technologies have been utilized in chitosan synthesis for optimizing particle size, separation, coagulation, solubility, and sensor performance. Additionally, chitosan-based sensors have demonstrated efficacy in potentiometric and voltammetric applications. This review highlights the emerging roles of chitosan compound synthesis strategies for electrochemical sensors, advanced physicochemical characterization approaches, the functional role of chitosan in potentiometric and voltammetric sensing, and recent progress in integrating AI and IoT into both chitosan synthesis and chitosan-based sensor systems. A comparative analysis of recent references highlights gaps in the consistency of AI adoption and indicates a growing trend toward chitosan-based sensor development. This review provides an integrated perspective on how AI and IoT can accelerate innovation in chitosan synthesis and chitosan-based self-powered sensors, while outlining future opportunities for next-generation smart sensing and biosensing technologies.
Yohan et al. (Sat,) studied this question.