Optimization of MS medium concentration for callus-derived cell suspension culture of Hedychium spicatum for the production of terpenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology

Key Points

• Optimization of MS medium concentration enhances terpenoid and antioxidant yield in cell cultures.
• The maximum yield of flavonoids observed was 12.5 mg/g in optimized conditions.
• Response surface methodology guided the adjustment of culture variables effectively.
• Study findings may support biotechnological advancements in natural product production.