A review of the Siddha-based polyherbal formulations Kabusura Kudineer Choornam and Nilavembu Kudineer Choornam as immunoboosters and anti-viral drugs

Kabusura Kudineer Chooranam (KSK) and Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam (NKC) are well-established Siddha polyherbal formulations composed of 15 and 9 plant-derived crude drugs, respectively. These formulations are known for their potent immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities, particularly in the context of Antiviral drugs. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunostimulatory effects of the active phytoconstituents present in KSK and NKC formulations. KSK and NKC, widely recognized Siddha PHFs, contain bioactive constituents such as 6-gingerol, zingerone, eugenol acetate, quercetin, andrographolide, berberine, piperine, luteolin, apigenin, biflorin, vasicine, and costunolide, among others. These compounds exhibit significant immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties, playing a crucial role in Anti-viral drugs, prevention and treatment. The MoHFW, Ayush, govt of India, and WHO endorsed these formulations due to their effectiveness in enhancing immunity and combating viral infections. The phytoconstituents in KSK and NKC have demonstrated immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects through in-vitro, in-vivo animal, and clinical studies. The increasing global preference for herbal medicine is driven by its safety, efficacy, and low incidence of side effects. The corona viral infection pandemic has heightened awareness of herbal therapeutics, leading to their broader application as immune boosters, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral agents, and treatment options for various health conditions. Despite widespread immunobooster vaccinations, persistent infections due to viral mutations highlight the need for complementary phytopharmaceutical-based strategies for immune support and disease prevention. The review was undertaken during the course of our research, with data extracted from over 250 indexed research articles and relevant academic books. Possible Molecular Mechanism of the Phytomolecules contains in Kabusura Kudineer Chooranam (KSK) and Nilavembu Kudinneer Chooranam (NKC).