Returning to work after cardiovascular disease: a review of common and stoke-specific predictors

Background and Aims: Returning to work (RTW) after cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex process that impacts both individual wellbe­ ing and societal productivity. While most reviews on RTW predictors focus on a single diagnosis, recurring medical, psychosocial, and work­ related factors suggest the presence of common predictors across CVDs. This systematic review synthesizes predictors of RTW across acute coro­ nary syndrome (ACS), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and stroke using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of system­ atic reviews was conducted. A total of 28 reviews were included, with predictors categorized using the ICF framework (Body Structures,-Functions, Activities, Participation, Personal-and Environmental factors). Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: Both common and disease-specific predictors were identified. Across all CVDs, RTW outcomes were strongly influenced by functional capacity, psychological well-being, job content, and social support. For stroke, environmental factors played a particularly crucial role. Workplace characteristics, employment policies, healthcare accessibility, and social