The effects of water depth, temperature and seasonal water-column overturning on sediment-derived odorous volatile organic compounds of a ladder-step reservoir, Yiwu, China

Key Points

• Sediment-derived volatile organic compounds are influenced by water depth and temperature, leading to seasonal variations.
• Higher water depths resulted in more pronounced effects on volatile organic compounds, especially during seasonal overturning.
• Analyzed samples across various depths and temperatures during different seasons for a comprehensive assessment.
• Impacts on environmental quality may indicate a need for further research into reservoir management practices.