Dietary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reduces hepatic lipid deposition and increases flesh hardness through enhancing l-carnitine synthesis and myofiber proliferation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Key Points

• Dietary trimethylamine N-oxide reduces hepatic lipid deposition in largemouth bass, promoting healthier fish.
• L-carnitine synthesis increases with trimethylamine N-oxide, contributing to improved flesh hardness.
• Analysis utilized a nutritional approach to assess impacts on lipid metabolism and muscle growth in fish.
• These findings may enhance aquaculture strategies for optimizing fish quality and production efficiency.