Eco-productivity changes of US airlines during turbulent times: A non-convex biennial Malmquist-Luenberger index approach

Key Points

• Eco-productivity of US airlines has varied significantly in response to turbulence, demonstrating fluctuations during challenging times.
• The primary metric used was the non-convex Malmquist-Luenberger index, which evaluates ecological efficiency across different periods.
• Analysis focused on US airlines over biennial intervals to capture the broader impacts of industry turbulence on ecological performance.
• Results may aid in understanding the resilience of airlines amidst environmental challenges and guide future eco-strategies.