Asymmetric effects of government subsidies on marine pollution mitigation via clean port technologies: a game-theoretic analysis of port co-opetition

Key Points

• Marine pollution mitigation strategies vary under different government subsidy schemes, influencing port behavior.
• The game-theoretic model demonstrates that economic incentives lead to asymmetric responses among ports.
• Analysis includes various scenarios of port co-opetition and their implications on environmental outcomes.
• Findings suggest that appropriately designed subsidies can enhance collaboration while minimizing pollution.