Poverty and gender inequality remain pervasive challenges in Ethiopia, disproportionately affecting women and impeding equitable development. However, existing studies in Ethiopia typically analyze gender differences in poverty using either monetary measures or multidimensional indicators in isolation. As a result, there is limited evidence that jointly compares monetary and multidimensional poverty and their determinants across male- and female-headed households. This study fills this gap by integrating both approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of gendered poverty disparities in Ethiopia. Drawing on data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) comprising 4959 households, the study applies Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) indices and the Alkire-Foster method to assess poverty levels. Inequality is measured using the Atkinson Index and Multidimensional Inequality Index (MPI), while binary logistic regression identifies key determinants. Results reveal that female-headed households have a higher incidence of monetary poverty (44.8%) than male-headed households (32.1%), while female-headed households also display greater monetary inequality (Atkinson = 0.054) and higher multidimensional poverty (MPI = 0.087). Education emerged as the largest contributor to multidimensional inequality for both groups. Determinants of poverty varied by household type: household size, education, and electricity access were significant for female-headed households, while health access, housing conditions, and sanitation were critical for male-headed households. The study concludes that both economic and non-economic deprivations influence household poverty differently across genders. Addressing gender disparities in Ethiopia requires integrated policy approaches that target not only income generation but also access to essential services such as education, electricity, healthcare, and sanitation. Targeted interventions are needed to improve living standards among female-headed households through enhanced education and infrastructure. Simultaneously, male-headed households require support in managing larger family sizes and accessing adequate housing and healthcare. Gender-responsive and multidimensional poverty alleviation strategies are essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable development in Ethiopia.
Sherka et al. (Mon,) studied this question.