Investigation of the land and atmospheric processes associated with the heavy rainfall events over the complex terrains of the Northwestern Himalayan States of India

Key Points

• Heavy rainfall events are significantly influenced by land and atmospheric processes in complex terrains.
• The analysis highlighted specific meteorological patterns with peak rainfall exceeding 200 mm during certain events in less than three days.
• Observational analysis across the Northwestern Himalayan States was conducted to identify interactions between land and atmospheric dynamics.
• This knowledge may enhance future climate resilience strategies but is limited to one geographical area.